Larger Consequences of the Problem

Other Locations

This issue of kelp forests being largely affected by other factors in the ecosystem are occurring in several other places around the world. These locations include the coasts of New Zealand, Tasmania, Australia, South Africa, Chile and Japan. Urchin barrens are such a global phenomenon that Japanese divers have come to the Palos Verdes coast in order to study the methods that California is utilizing to fix the issue. This way they can go back to their country and implement the successful practices in the project. Since this is an issue facing several different parts of the world, it can result in a potential for global consequences.  


Global Consequences

Another similar issue is the balancing act that must be maintained between the urchin population, kelp forest, and sea otters. Sea otters are larger than river otters and have special adaptations that make them perfect for the ocean. These include thicker fur, flattened tail, and skeletal modification to their hind legs and pelvis that allow for better underwater movement. They also have a very high metabolism, causing them to be a key predator and reduce the populations of sea urchins. This in turn causes more kelp forests to be sustained and leads to other effects as well, including higher net productivity, more nursery habitat for fin fish and other invertebrates, reduced wave energy and coastal erosion, and even increased fixation of atmospheric carbon.


Since most life on the planet requires oxygen to live, this is a great issue. Most marine life including salmon, crabs, shellfish and more need oxygen and because of this many of them are not able to survive in low oxygen seawater. These areas have been called “dead zones.” These areas have also been known to host specialized urchins that result in urchin barrens. Since so many species are not able to properly live in these conditions, this greatly damages the commercial fishermen’s success in the economy. Modern fisheries, conservation and resource management will have to grapple with these changes in the near future. A living, breathing ocean is necessary to sustain the rest of the world’s population.

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